Complete list of examples
Print this page for a complete list of examples.
Books and eBooks |
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Material Type |
In-Text Citation |
Reference List Entry |
| Book: Single Author | (Skevington, 1995) |
Skevington, S. (1995). Psychology of pain. Chichester, England: John Wiley & Sons. |
| Book: Two Authors |
(Komar & Buikstra, 2008) |
Komar, D. A., & Buikstra, J. E. (2008). Forensic anthropology: Contemporary theory and practice. Oxford: Oxford University Press. |
| Book: 3-5 Authors |
[Cite all authors the first time the reference occurs] (Sargent, Nilan & Winter, 1997) [In subsequent citations include only the surname of the first author followed by et al.] (Sargent, et al., 1997) |
Sargent, M., Nilan, P., & Winter, G. (1997). The new sociology for Australians (4th ed.). Melbourne: Longman Australia. |
| Book: – 6 or More Authors |
(Jones, et al., 1984) |
Jones, E., Farina, A., Hastorf, A., Markus, H., Miller, D., & Scott, R. (1984). Social stigma: The psychology of marked relationships. New York: W. H. Freeman. |
| Book: Different Editions |
(Howitt & Cramer, 2008) |
Howitt, D., & Cramer, D. (2008). Introduction to research methods in psychology (2nd ed.). Harlow, England: FT Prentice Hall. |
| Book: No Author |
(The Australian Oxford dictionary, 1999) |
The Australian Oxford dictionary (3rd ed.). (1999). Melbourne: Oxford University Press. |
| Book: Editor | (Hallinan, 2006) | Hallinan, M. T. (Ed.). (2006). Handbook of the sociology of education. New York: Springer. |
| Book: 2 or More Editors | (Binstock & George, 1990) |
Binstock, R. H., & George, L. K. (Eds.). (1990). Handbook of aging and the social sciences (3rd ed.). New York: Academic Press. |
| Book: Organisation as Author | (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 1991) |
Australian Bureau of Statistics. (1991). Estimated resident population by age and sex in statistical local areas, New South Wales, June 1990 (No. 3209.1). Canberra, Australian Capital Territory: Author. [Where the author and publisher are identical, use the word Author as the name of the publisher.] |
| Book: Chapter or Article in Edited Book |
(Hine, 2001) |
Hine, C. (2001). Ethnography in the laboratory. In D. N. Gellner & E. Hirsch (Eds.), Inside organizations: Anthropologists at work (pp. 61-76). Oxford: Berg. |
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eBook: Entire Book |
(O’Keefe, n.d.) |
O’Keefe, E. (n.d.). Egoism & the crisis in Western values. Available from http://www.onlineoriginals.com/showitem.asp?itemID=135 |
| eBook: Chapter |
(Mitchell, 1913) |
Mitchell, H. W. (1913). Alcoholism and the alcoholic psychoses. In W. A. White & S. E. Jelliffe (Eds.), The modern treatment of nervous and mental diseases (Vol. 1, pp. 287-330). Retrieved from PsycBOOKS database. |
| Book: Different Works by Same Author in Same Year |
[Distinguish the works by placing ‘a’ ‘b’ ‘c’, etc after the publication date] (Glenn & Johnson, 1964a) |
Glenn, W. H. & Johnson, D. A. (1964a). Graphs. London: Murray. Glenn, W. H. & Johnson, D. A. (1964b). Calculating devices. London: John Murray. |
Conference Proceedings |
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Material Type |
In-Text Citation |
Reference List Entry |
| Paper from Conference Proceedings: Printed |
(Wilkinson, 1999) |
Wilkinson, R. (1999). Sociology as a marketing feast. In M. Collis, L. Munro, & S. Russell (Eds.), Sociology for the New Millennium. Papers presented at The Australian Sociological Association, held at Monash University, Melbourne, 7-10 December (pp. 281-289). Churchill, Victoria: Celts. |
| Paper from Conference Proceedings: Electronic | (Balakrishnan, 2006) | Balakrishnan, R. (2006, 25-26 March). Why aren't we using 3d user interfaces, and will we ever? Paper presented at the IEEE Symposium on 3D User Interfaces. Retrieved December 19, 2008, from IEEE Xplore. |
| Conference Papers: Unpublished | (Brown & Caste, 1990) | Brown, S., & Caste, V. (2004, May). Integrated obstacle detection framework. Paper presented at the IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium, Detroit, MI. |
Journal Articles |
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Material Type |
In-Text Citation |
Reference List Entry |
| Journal Article in print | (Kyratsis, 2004) | Kyratsis, A. (2004).Talk and interaction among children and the co-construction of peer groups and peer culture. Annual Review of Anthropology, 33(4), 231-247. |
| Journal Article in print with direct quotation |
[if you quote directly from a source, page number(s) are required in the in text citation.] (Hanna, 2007, p. 2049) |
Hanna, K. (2007). Adsorption of aromatic carboxylate compounds on the surface of synthesized iron oxide-coated sands. Applied Geochemistry, 22(9), 2045-2053. |
| Journal Article in print |
[see Books/Ebooks for examples of how to treat articles with different numbers of authors.] (Zhang, Cohen, Ferrence, & Rehm, 2006) when citing for the first time |
Zhang, B., Cohen, J., Ferrence, R., & Rehm, J. (2006). The impact of tobacco tax cuts on smoking initiation among Canadian young adults. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 30(6),474-479. |
| Journal Article with DOI supplied |
(Stultz, 2006) |
Stultz, J. (2006). Integrating exposure therapy and analytic therapy in trauma treatment. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 76(4), 482–488. doi:10.1037/0002-9432.76.4.482 |
| Journal Article with no DOI supplied, only available with Pheme or Library authentication, - if Journal Homepage is available | (Hager, 2007) |
Hager, M. H. (2007). Therapeutics diet order writing: Current issues and considerations. Topics in Clinical Nutrition, 22(1), 28-36. Retrieved from http://www.topicsinclinicalnutrition.com |
| Journal Article with no DOI supplied, only available with Pheme or Library authentication, - if Journal Homepage is not available | (Ostrowski & Bomsztyk, 2003) |
Ostrowski, J., & Bomsztyk, K. (2003). Nuclear shift of hnRNP K protein in neoplasms and other states of enhanced cell proliferation. British Journal of Cancer, 89(8), 1493-1501. Retrieved May 13, 2008, from Web of Science. |
| Journal Article with no DOI supplied that is freely available on the Web | (Sillick & Schutte, 2006) |
Sillick, T. J., & Schutte, N. S. (2006). Emotional intelligence and self-esteem mediate between perceived early parental love and adult happiness. E-Journal of Applied Psychology, 2(2), 38–48. Retrieved from http://ojs.lib.swin.edu.au/index.php/ejap/article/view/71/100 |
| Journal article from CMO database |
(Rogers, Kuiper & Kirkerr, 1997) OR (Rogers, et al., 1997) if citing subsequently. [see Books/Ebooks for examples of how to treat articles with different numbers of authors.] |
Rogers, T., Kuiper, N., & Kirker, W. (1997). Self-reliance and the encoding of personal information. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 35(9), 677-688. Retrieved September 26, 2006, from the University of Western Australia Course Materials Online database. |
Multimedia Formats |
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Material Type |
In-Text Citation |
Reference List Entry |
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Films or Videorecordings and DVDs of Films. |
(De Heer & Djigrr, 2007) | De Heer, R. (Director), & Djigirr, P. (Co-Director). (2007). Ten canoes [Motion picture]. Australia: The AV Channel. |
Television Programme |
(Crystal, 1993) | Crystal, L. (Executive Producer). (1993, October 11). The MacNeil/Lehrer news hour [Television broadcast]. New York and Washington, DC: Public Broadcasting Service. |
| Audio Podcast |
(Van Nuys, 2007) |
Van Nuys, D. (Producer). (2007, April 7). The anatomy of a lobotomist [Show 84]. Shrink Rap Radio. Podcast retrieved from http://www.shrinkrapradio.com/ |
| Video Podcast | (Kloft, 2006) | Kloft, M. (Producer/Director). (2006). The Nuremberg Trials [Motion picture]. In M. Samuels (Executive Producer), American experience. Podcast retrieved from WGBH: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/rss/podcast_pb.xml |
| Music Track from an Album |
(Shocked, 1992) |
Shocked, M. (1992). Over the waterfall. On Arkansas Traveller [CD]. New York: Polygram Music. [General format: Writer, A. (date of copyright). Title of song On Title of album [Medium of recording e.g. CD, DVD, record etc]. Location: Label.] |
| Recording by Artist other than Writer |
(Goodenough, 1982) |
Goodenough, J.B. (1982). Tails and trotters [Recorded by G. Bok, A. Mayo, & E. Trickett]. On And so will we yet [CD]. Sharon, CT: Folk-Legacy records. (1990) [General format: Writer, A. (date of copyright). Title of song [Recorded by artist if different from writer]. On Title of album [Medium of recording e.g. CD, DVD, record etc]. Location: Label. (Recording date if different from copyright date)] |
| Video Blog Post |
(Norton, 2006) |
Norton, R. (2006, November 4). How to train a cat to operate a light switch [Video file]. Video posted to http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vja83KLQXZs |
Newspapers |
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Material Type |
In-Text Citation |
Reference List Entry |
| Newspaper: Print |
(Hatch, 2006) |
Hatch, B. (2006, July 13). Smoke lingers for those who keep hospitality flowing. Australian Financial Review, p. 14. |
| Newspaper: From Website |
(Hilts, 1999) |
Hilts, P. J. (1999, February 16). In forecasting their emotions, most people flunk out. The New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com [Some online newspapers are unpaginated, so no page numbers can be given in the reference] |
| Newspaper: From Electronic Database |
(O’Leary, 2006) |
O'Leary, C. (2006, June 29). Landmark study to aid push for public smoking ban. The West Australian, p.14. Retrieved October 20, 2008, from Factiva. |
| Newspaper Article: No Author |
[use first few words of article title in quotation marks] ("Comstock drill plans," 2009) |
Comstock drill plans reined in. (2009, January 9). Upstream: The International Oil and Gas Newspaper. p. 20. |
Standards & Patents |
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Material Type |
In-Text Citation |
Reference List Entry |
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Standard: Retrieved from a Database |
(Standards Australia, 2008) | Standards Australia. (2008). Personal flotation devices – General requirements (AS 4758.1-2008). Retrieved December 1, 2008, from Standards Australia Online database. |
| Standard: Published |
(Standards Australia/New Zealand Standard, 1994) |
Standards Australia. (1994). Information Processing - Text and office systems - Office Document Architecture (ODA) and Interchange format: Part 10: Formal Speicifcations (AS/NZS 3951.10:1994). Homebush, NSW: Standards Australia. |
| Patent |
(U.S. Patent No. 5,641,424.7 ) |
Hornak, P. Resonator for Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Ankle. U.S. Patent No. 5,641,424.7 Aug. 1996. |
| Patent Retrieved from a Database |
(Australian Patent No. AU 2008100919, 2008) |
Clark, J. M. & McCallum, J. M. (2008). Method for and composition of excipient suitable for use in herbal formulations and formulations derived therefrom. Australian Patent AU 2008100919. Retrieved December 8, 2008, from SciFinder Scholar. |
Theses |
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Material Type |
In-Text Citation |
Reference List Entry |
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Thesis: Unpublished |
(Hos, 2005) | Hos, J. (2005). Mechanochemically synthesized nanomaterials for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cell membranes. Unpublished PhD Thesis, University of Western Australia, Crawley. |
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Thesis: Published |
(May, 2007) |
May, B. (2007) A survey of radial velocities in the zodiacal dust cloud. Bristol, UK: Canopus Publishing. |
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Thesis: Rerieved from a Database |
(Baril, 2006) |
Bari, M. (2006). A distributed conceptual model for stream salinity generation processes : A systematic data-based approach.Retrieved from Australasian Digital Theses Program. (WU2006.0058). |
Web Sources |
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Material Type |
In-Text Citation |
Reference List Entry |
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Webpage |
(Australian Psychological Society, 2008) | Australian Psychological Society. (2008). Substance abuse: Position statement. Retrieved December 2, 2008, from http://www.psychology.org.au/publications/statements/substance/ |
| Webpage: No Author |
(Improve indigenous housing, 2007) [Use the first few words of the page title] |
Improve indigenous housing now, governments told. (2007). Retrieved February 8, 2009 from http://www.architecture.com.au/i-cms?page=10220 |
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Webpage: No Date |
(Jones, n.d.) |
Jones, M.D. (n.d.) Commentary on indigenous housing initiatives. Rerieved June6, 2008 from http://www.architecture.com.au |
| Webpage: No Author and No Date |
Just put quotation marks around the words you're using, which the reader can use as a search string |
Style list for references. (n.d.). Retrieved January 1, 2001, from http://www.apa.org |
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Discussion Forum |
(Malissa, 2008) | Malissa, A. (2008, October 2). Egypt planning DNA test on 3,500 year old mummy [#43]. Message posted to http://www.topix.com/science/anthropology/2008/05/egypt-planning-dna-test-for-3-500-year-old-mummy |
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Blog |
(Brown, 2008) | Brown, M. (2008, November 1). A royal pardon for the British witches? Message posted to http://www.worldhistoryblog.com/ |
| Electronic Mailing List |
(Anderson, 2005) | Anderson, O. (2005, June 2). Re: Psychology of terrorism. Message posted to Theory Frankfurt School electronic mailing list, archived at http://archives.econ.utah.edu/archives/theory-frankfurt-school/2005w22/msg00000.htm |
| Wiki |
(Sports Psychology, n.d.) [use n.d. if no date of publication is given.] |
Sports psychology. (n.d.) Retrieved December 2, 2008, from The Psychology Wiki: http://psychology.wikia.com/wiki/Sports_psychology |
Tables and Figures |
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| (see also 'In text presentation of tables and figures') | ||
Material Type |
In-Text Citation |
Reference List Entry |
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A Table, or Figure, or Data you have used in a Table or Figure, which you got from another source in print. |
For material reprinted from a journal article: For material reprinted from a book: Note. From [or the data in column # are from] Thermophysical properties of fluids p.113, by M.J. Assael, 1998, London: Imperial College Press. |
Ackerman, D., & Stein, E. D. (2008). Evaluating the effectiveness of best management practices using dynamic modeling. Journal of Environmental Engineering, 134(8), 629-639.
Assael, M. (1998). Thermophysical properties of fluids. London: Imperial College Press. |
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A Table, or Figure, or Data you have used in a Table or Figure, which you got from another source on the web. |
Note. From [or the data in column # are from] International Merchandise Imports, Australia, Jan 2009, Australian Bureau of Statistics. |
Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2009). International Merchandise Imports Australia, January 2009 (No. 5439.0), Retrieved February 18, 2009 from http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/mf/5439.0?OpenDocument |
Images |
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Material Type |
In-Text Citation |
Reference List Entry |
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Image: Cited in Text |
(Van Gogh, 1888) | Van Gogh, Vincent (Artist). (1888). Van Gogh's Chair [painting]. London: The National Gallery. |
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Image in a book that you refer to in your text |
...the painting 'Mona Lisa' (Gombrich 1995, p. 203) ... | Gombrich, E. H.(1995). The story of art (16th ed.). London: Phaidon. |
| Image from the Web |
(originator, year image became available) [if no author available, use the first few words of the image title, if no year avilable, write n.d. for no date]. |
Author or originator. (Year [if available, otherwise n.d.]). Description or title of image [image]. Retrieved Month date, Year from URL. |
Description
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