Vancouver Citation Style  Tags: referencing medndent citation undergrad postgrad  

When to include page numbers in an in-text citation

A subsequent reference to the same source
Page number(s) are included in the in-text citation when you want to cite a different part (page) of a source that you have previously cited in your text. This enables your reader to differentiate between two citations that refer to different parts of the same source.

The page number(s) are included in the superscipt in-text citation and the source appears only once in the list of references.¹

For example:

These patients showed no signs of lung disease.^1(p21),9

Brookes^1(pp3-5),8 reports there were few abnormalities

Direct quotation
You should include the page number in the superscript in-text citation when directly quoting the exact wording of a source.

Short direct quotes are enclosed within quotation marks.

For example:

"Paragraph indents are generally not used unless the quoted material is known to begin a paragraph."¹

When a quote is longer than 4 lines of text it should be off-set in a block, ie, in reduced type and without quotation marks.

For example:

The worldwide prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus is increasing at a rapid rate, predominantly because of changes in environmental factors interacting with individual genetic susceptibility to the disease. Data from 20 longitudinal cohort studies present a consistent picture indicating that regular physical activity substantially reduces risk of type 2 diabetes.^2(p807)

Space is often added above and below the quotation.

1.  American Medical Association manual of style: a guide for authors and editors. 10th ed. New York: Oxford University Press; 2007.

2.  Gill JM, Cooper AR. Physical activity and prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Sports Med [Internet]. 2008 [cited 2009 Mar 15]; 38(10):807-24. Available from: Medline.